NSF Awards: 1741148
2019 (see original presentation & discussion)
Grades 9-12
Across Connecticut schools engaged in the Skills21 STEM+CS project are addressing real world problems by creating solutions that integrate the use of science and computer science. Students in core high school science courses (biology, chemistry and physics) build their knowledge of computer science through scaffolding CS activities that address core content throughout the year. Simultaneously students are working on a year long Innovation Challenge Project that allows them to apply their new content knowledge and CS skills to create a solution to a problem or to seize an opportunity to fill a gap in the market. Final projects are judged at a statewide Student Exposition held in June. Judges from industry and higher education are invited to watch students give a live pitch, present at a booth and demonstrate their project. Students also create websites, a social media campaign and document their research as part of their required deliverables. The goal of this project is to improve computer science knowledge by teaching it in core content areas so that more students are exposed to CS in high school. Students use their CS knowledge to create new content and science and computer science become tools to solve problems.
Joseph Kern
I really like your strategy of embedding CS in non-CS courses to show its usefulness as a tool in a variety of science fields. That is similar to the approach in our project (Agricultural Applications of Computer Science), where we have science/agriculture-related tasks that can be embedded in existing non-CS courses. One big question that we've faced with the overwhelming majority of students having no prior programming experience, is how to prepare them to take on these challenges without having to derail their "real" content-area course while they learn programming fundamentals. I'm curious how you approach this problem to make efficient use of the time that CS is "borrowing" from the science courses.
Elizabeth Radday
Research Specialist
We do our best to incorporate the CS and the science content at the same time. For example, when teaching students about "remixing' and "modding" we do it in a unit on genetics. The students access the Cat Genetics projects on Scratch and therefore as they learn about the CS they are doing it in the context of learning about genetics. The students play around with remixing the Scratch Cat Genetics program but also need to understand the science behind heredity in order to make the program accurately breed two cats to make a kitten. Sometimes we do hear from teachers that they will lose science content time in order to teach the CS. To this we usually talk about how learning and using the CS with the science content allows the students to go deeper into the science content and thus they get a deeper depth and less breadth of science in general and we think that the deep dive is just as valuable (if not more so) than "covering" a wider range of topics. Another example from the science/CS content is: Students are challenged to use Pencil Code to Construct a model that describes and illustrates how the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction occurs in a commonly used product. Eventually they start using Python and can make models of photosynthesis using code. We try to make the CS connect to their content as much as possible.
Allie Beckman
Gillian Puttick
Senior Scientist
Integrating CS and one discipline, let alone across multiple disciplines each with its own discipline-specific discourse, is challenging - so kudos to the project team for taking on this ambitious task. I'm curious about how you're measuring impact. Could you say a bit more about student outcomes?
Allie Beckman
Elizabeth Radday
Research Specialist
That is a great question. Measuring the impact of a program such as ours is complex. The primary reason for this is that our students have great freedom to pursue a project that they are passionate about. At the end of the year the students are presenting a team project that addresses a real world problem and solves it using science and CS. The students make apps, websites, prototypes with arduinos, etc. This increased student voice and choice leads to a variety of unique student projects, making a one-size fits all measurement plan impractical. While our research partners do collect information about student motivation, engagement, STEM career, and college interest and computational thinking skills, the most accurate measure of student work is in the products they produce. Those products are then judged, using our Judges App, by industry professionals. We look at what the students bring to our end of year Expo Fest as one way to see what CS/science skills and content they learned and surveys help us learn about student beliefs/engagement, etc.
Deanna Privette
I too like the idea of integrating CS in Non-CS courses. How open were teachers to integrating? Do you have, or are you looking at student outcomes when integrating CS in Non-CS courses? Additionally, the video discussed a school that offers extended learning to girls. I'm curious to know what kind of recruiting techniques are utilized to get girls to join?
Thanks for sharing your work!
Elizabeth Radday
Research Specialist
We had some teachers really eager to start integrating CS into their science courses. Many were hesitant because of their own lack of CS skills and were scared of trying to teach something they were still learning and were not yet comfortable doing on their own. We are in Year 2 of this study so we should have some data at the end of the year on student engagement, interest, motivation, etc and seeing the final student products at the end of the year also lets us know about what the students learned throughout the year.
As for your question about girls, I asked the teacher in the video about recruitment and he had some great insights so I'm just going to quote him.
In the first year I used email and school announcements to spread the word to physics students, and in the second year asked all science and math teachers to mention the project in their classes. Also in the second year, the first year's team did much of the recruiting. I think in the first year the message was key. I took some advice from a group of educators who had researched exactly this problem several years ago (how to get girls into coding and technology classes). They found that the biggest draw for young women as opposed to young men was that their work could help someone (doesn't make us guys look too good, does it?). So, I emphasized that aspect of the project. In addition, I made clear that this would be a team exercise (so the girls knew there would be moral and technical support along the way, they wouldn't ever feel alone facing a problem), and that they needed no prior knowledge of, or experience with, coding. I also tried to make clear that we would need people with different skill sets, not just science and math. Finally, I included the fact that there would be a competition (because I knew some girls would like that), but that we would have plenty of time to prepare for it (because I knew some girls might be afraid of competition, at first). Here was the first message I sent out: "We have been offered a chance to participate in a new program. Our goal will be to develop a mobile app that helps people, and/or helps our community .... (T)he main goal is to produce an App that will help people. I am looking for young women enrolled in Physics this year who would like to be part of the team we are forming. YOU DON'T HAVE TO KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT COMPUTERS OR CODING, you simply need a desire to help people, to learn, and to be part of a team. The team will need people who are good at science and/or math, people with artistic and design skills, people who are good at or interested in marketing, and people who have leadership and organizational skills. The final project will be presented at "Expo Fest" in May (see the link, or watch the video, below)." By the way, although I started recruiting from Physics classes, we got girls from my other classes and girls who were not my students at all. I think that's important. Now, I was lucky, in that the core team of five girls the first year took ownership of the project, and recruited many more girls for the second year. (I also now have a second team, this one all guys). Many of them are athletes (possibly the ones who are attracted to competition?), but many are not. We have a few artists, which has really helped. The goal is to make the team self-sustaining over the years, with older, experienced girls recruiting and mentoring younger girls. One way to do this is to let the girls run things themselves, which is what I do. For example, the first thing we did was brainstorm ideas for the app. I provided two suggestions, then asked the girls to come up with several others. They ended up proposing and choosing an app, aimed at their peer group, which I would not have come up with on my own. I think this set the tone that this was their project, not mine. (This can be a delicate line to walk, however, and there may well be a future year when there are no strong leaders in the team and I will have to step in more often.)Joseph Kern
Your successful recruiting based on targeting students' existing interests (that happen to be helped by CS) matches research that shows that students, especially females, are much more likely to be interested in CS when they see how it benefits some bigger non-CS topic that they are already interested in. Nice to see that in action.
Rebecca Grella, Ph.D.
Great video showing the benefits of infusing CS into all science disciplines! I really loved the girls coding club as a way to expose an underrepresented group to this important field! There is certainly a need for more professional development in the areas of coding and computer science for science teachers!
Matt Fisher
Professor
Similar to some of the other comments, I'm also really impressed at the way the project has integrated CS into other STEM courses. The video mentioned that teachers were often learning alongside the students. I would be interested in hearing more about this aspect - how teachers reacted to being in that position, were there any strategies the team found particularly useful in supporting teachers in their learning, are there any suggestions the team can share about how to support teachers in a situation like this?
Ed Geary
I really like your model for integrating CS into other STEM courses and your work with both students and inservice teachers. Do you also have suggestions for the preparation of future mathematics and science teachers with regards to CS learning? For example, what types of courses and/or curricular experiences would you recommend for biology or chemistry or mathematics preservice teachers-- to introduce them to CS concepts, practices, and resources and give them a solid foundation in CS so that they feel comfortable and confident integrating CS activities and learning into their courses?
Matt Fisher
Professor
Ed, I'll be interested to see the response to your question. But I think part of it will require those of us in disciplines like chemistry and biology to start incorporating CS related activities and ideas in the courses we teach for preservice teachers (and other populations). Another part will be conversations between faculty in chemistry/biology and CS to ensure that we are all "on the same page."
Joseph Kern
Yes, definitely institutional change. Let's hope that some of the people in preservice teacher prep are on here looking at the "Transparent Soil" project to see examples and "Sustainable CS for Districts" to see how to develop it with faculty buy-in.
Ed Geary
Our NextGen STEM teacher preparation project in Washington State is looking at integrating sustainability concepts and practices into numerous facets of our science and mathematics education courses and programs, along with CS and Engineering... for both elementary and secondary educators. So examples like this are very helpful.
Elizabeth Radday
Research Specialist
Our project is in Connecticut and the state just last year passed state standards for Computer Science. Currently I am working with a group to create a state plan for Computer Science and one huge component of that plan is teacher certification and pathways to certification. In thinking about Computer Science with some partners from higher ed we are encouraging these schools in CT to include computer science education into their elementary and secondary ed programs. Many teachers have also been interested in learning about computer science and programming like Mobile CSP have been a great way for teachers without CS experience to jump on board. Mobile CSP and Code.org offer some really practical professional development and we have been relying on those programs to help get teachers up to speed on their coding knowledge until higher ed and the state catch up.
Peg Cagle
math teacher & math department chair
I will echo what others have noted about the impressive reach of integration of CS into non-CS disciplinary courses. I also want to applaud the focus on increased diversity in CS and the multi-dimensional approach to solutions including both in school and after school components. I am curious how the EdAdvance 20 year legacy of challenge-based education is informing the work of this current project, and what metrics are being used to measure impact(s).
Elizabeth Radday
Research Specialist
In two weeks EdAdvance is hosting its 17th Challenge Based learning Expo Fest. Students will share their products, services and other innovations with panels of expert judges in different categories including NGSS science, entrepreneurship, engineering, STEM+CS, technology, and digital media. Over the years we have done a lot of research around what makes these projects have an impact on both students learning and student motivation. Integrating these projects into mainstream classes and working on them for an entire year has some important impacts and we've learned several things. First, by putting the projects into mainstream classes we are getting to a much wider population than if we just put these projects in electives or in classes that are tracked or labeled honors. In fact, these projects tend to impact the non-honors kids more because the honors students usually elect to take AP classes by sophomore year and AP teachers do not (or say they cannot) integrate this type of learning into their classes because the pressure is on to cover an extreme amount of content. They have no time to incorporate challenge based learning. (Seems counterintuitive, right?) To get CS in the hands and classes of more students we knew that putting it into mainstream science courses that students need to take to fulfill graduation requirements we would hit a larger segment of the population, many of whom would not usually elect to take a CS class. The hope is that this exposure to CS in the context of science will encourage them to take a CS course. We also know that students feel very invested in their challenge projects because they go so deep into them and work on them over the course of several months. They really get to know the science or content behind the project and their learning becomes natural because they are doing the investigating to solve their problems, not because the teacher tells them. We've also found that our particular challenge gets students that may not have much interest in science or STEM at all to still be engaged because there are so many facets of the project. A STEM+CS project that comes to compete at our Expo Fest has several deliverables to the competition. Besides the prototype of the innovation (an app, a product, etc) the project needs a full developed website with written documentation of the research and lab reports. The team needs to create a marketing plan and develops a social media presence for their project. Teams are required to reach out to a mentor with expertise in some aspect of their project. At Expo the students give a 3-5 minute "Shark Tank" like Live Pitch to a panel of judges. They also design and run a trade-show type booth at Expo Fest . This means that students that are great writers may work on the website and are engaged in that part of the project. Great public speakers and presenters work on their pitch. Technically savvy students work on back end design of the website. Creative types design a logo and work on the social media campaign. This project naturally lets students play to their strengths. Of course all students are involved in the science and CS aspects of the class, but when it gets time to really dig deep into the project the students have voice and choice in their roles and we know that is very important. We measure impact in a few ways. First we look deeply at the projects and documentation students bring to Expo to see how deep they went with their learning. Students also complete some surveys that get at their development of 21st Century skills based on an Octoskills survey from Europe. We also have a STEM career/college interest survey that we use.
Michael Haney
I came late to the showcase and viewed all of the projects in the CS/STEM category today. The video and written explanations are very good and very encouraging. I know the definition of CS has evolved considerable in the last 30 years, and that integrating CS into STEM really means incorporating only the most appropriate parts. What are the elements of CS you felt were essential in the student activities/projects? Programming? Computation? Structure problem solving? You give examples of student work but what elements typical of CS were emphasized such as collaboration, testing and analysis, presentation and explanation?
I can imagine how deeply involved students are since they focus on something of interest and draw upon CS and STEM to develop the project. I had assumed these were group projects but one of the answers seemed to indicate these are individual projects. There are good reasons for either. I’d be curious about which you use and why.
Further posting is closed as the event has ended.